ABAP/4 讀取　Database table, store procedure

1. data:
2. PAR1(30) type C,
3. PAR2(30) type C,
4. OUT1 type I,
5. OUT2(30) type C,
6. OUT3(30) type C.
7.  
8. exec sql performig sp_return.
9. select * from $PROC$sp_dummy
10. where ( :par1, :par2 )
11. into :out1, :out2, : out3
12. endexec.
13.  
14. form sp_return.
15. * some coding
16. endform

General Types

Predefined data types without special semantic attributes.

Numeric Types

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
INT1	3	0	1-byte integer, 0 to 255	b
INT2	5	0	2-byte integer, -32,768 to 32,767	s
INT4	10	0	4-byte integer, -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647	i
INT8	19	0	8-byte integer, -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807	int8
DEC	1-31	0	Packed number BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1
DF16_DEC	1-15	0	Decimal floating point number stored in BCD format	decfloat16
DF16_RAW	16	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format	decfloat16
DF34_DEC	1-31	0	Decimal floating point number stored in BCD format	decfloat34
DF34_RAW	34	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format	decfloat34
FLTP	16	0	Floating point number	f

See Integers, Packed Numbers, Binary Floating Point Numbers and Decimal Floating Point Numbers.

Character-Like Types

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
CHAR	1-30000, maximum of 1333 for table fields	m blanks	Character string	c, length m
LCHR	256-32000	None	long character string	c, length m
SSTRING	1-1333	Empty string	Character string	string
STRING	256-...	Empty string	Character string (CLOB)	string

See Character-Like Types and Byte-Like Types.

Byte-like types

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
RAW	1-32000 maximum of 255 for table fields	None	Byte string	x, length m
LRAW	256-32000	None	Long byte string	x, length m
RAWSTRING	256-...	Empty string	Byte string (BLOB)	xstring

See Character-Like Types and Byte-Like Types.

Special Types

Predefined data types with special semantic attributes.

Date Types/Time Types

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
DATS	8	00000000	Date in the format YYYYMMDD	d
TIMS	6	000000	Time in the format HHMMSS	t
ACCP	6	6 blanks	Posting period in the format YYYYMM	n, length 6

See Date Types and Time Types.

Character-Like Types with Special Semantics

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
NUMC	1-255	m zeroes	Numeric text	n, length m
CLNT	3	000	Client	c, length 3
LANG	1	Blank	Language key	c, length 1

See Special Character-Like Types.

Currency Fields and Quantity Fields

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
CURR	1-31	0	Currency field in BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1
CUKY	5	5 blanks	Currency key for currency fields	c, length 5
QUAN	1-31	0	Quantity field in BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1
UNIT	2-3	2 or 3 blanks	Unit key of a quantity field	c, length m

‎See Currency Fields and Quantity Fields.

Obsolete Types

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
DF16_SCL	16	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format with scaling specified (obsolete)	decfloat16
DF34_SCL	34	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format with scaling specified (obsolete)	decfloat34
PREC	2	0	Obsolete data type	s
VARC	1-...	None	Obsolete data type	c, length m

Character-Like Types and Byte-Like Types

• Character Strings

• Byte Chains

• Notes on Strings

• Use in Open SQL

Character Strings

The following predefined data types in ABAP Dictionary are available for general character strings:

• CHAR for text fields

The predefined type CHAR, mapped to the ABAP type c, is used to describe general text fields with a maximum length of 30000 characters (only 1333 characters for table fields).

• LCHR for long text fields

The predefined type LCHR, also mapped to the ABAP type c, is used to describe general text fields with lengths between 256 and 32000 characters. In database tables, the maximum length must be specified as the value of a preceding INT2 or INT4 field. Table fields of this type cannot be used as key fields of database tables or in any positions in Open SQL statements.

• SSTRING for short text strings

The predefined type SSTRING is mapped to the ABAP type string, but handled like the type CHAR or VARCHAR in ABAP Dictionary and by database tables. The length is restricted to a maximum of 1333, but table fields of this type can also be used as key fields by database tables and used by Open SQL statements in almost all positions where text fields are possible.

• STRING for text strings

The predefined type STRING is mapped to the ABAP type string and also handled like a text string (CLOB) in ABAP Dictionary and by database tables. Table fields of this type cannot be used as key fields or index fields in database tables or in any positions in Open SQL statements.

Notes

• In general structures, the length of a component of type CHAR is not restricted to 1333.

• In database tables, there can be only one table field of the type LCHR and it must be the last table field. This means that the type LRAW cannot be used simultaneously in the same database table. If the statement SELECT is used to read an LCHR field, the preceding length field must also be read. In writes using Open SQL, the length field must be given the correct value or data may be lost.

• LCHR is no longer recommended for new developments. The type STRING is recommended instead, however it is also not suitable for key fields of database tables or for unrestricted use in Open SQL. Where possible, SSTRING can be used here instead.

• Switching existing dictionary objects from LCHR to STRING or SSTRING, on the other hand, can be critical, since all ABAP types and ABAP objects that reference dictionary objects like this are then given a deep data type. A switch from a flat data type to a deep data type usually constitutes an incompatible change and can produce syntax errors in ABAP programs.

Example

Like the example for literals; the row to be read is here also specified using host variables. The addition STRUCTURE is specified after INTO. However, this is not necessary since wa can be identified statically as a structure. The structure wa is handled in the INTO clause as if all substrings were specified separately: INTO :wa-cityfrom, :wa-cityto.

PARAMETERS: p_carrid TYPE spfli-carrid,
            p_connid TYPE spfli-connid.

DATA: BEGIN OF wa,
        cityfrom TYPE spfli-cityfrom,
        cityto   TYPE spfli-cityto,
      END OF wa.

EXEC SQL.
  SELECT cityfrom, cityto
         INTO STRUCTURE :wa
         FROM spfli
         WHERE mandt  = :sy-mandt AND
               carrid = :p_carrid AND connid = :p_connid
ENDEXEC. 

Example

Reads multiple rows from the database table SPFLI using cursor handling and host variables in static Native SQL. If rows are found, sy-subrc is set to 0 and sy-dbcnt is increased by one for each row read.

PARAMETERS p_carrid TYPE spfli-carrid.

DATA:  connid   TYPE spfli-connid,
       cityfrom TYPE spfli-cityfrom,
       cityto   TYPE spfli-cityto.

EXEC SQL.
  OPEN dbcur FOR
    SELECT connid, cityfrom, cityto
           FROM spfli
           WHERE mandt  = :sy-mandt AND
                 carrid = :p_carrid
ENDEXEC.

DO.
  EXEC SQL.
    FETCH NEXT dbcur INTO :connid, :cityfrom, :cityto
  ENDEXEC.
  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    EXIT.
  ELSE.
    ...
  ENDIF.
ENDDO.

EXEC SQL.
  CLOSE dbcur
ENDEXEC. 

Bad Example

Reads multiple rows from the database table SCARR and calls the subroutine evaluate for each row read.

DATA wa TYPE spfli-carrid.

EXEC SQL PERFORMING evaluate.
  SELECT carrid FROM spfli INTO :wa WHERE mandt = :sy-mandt
ENDEXEC.
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

FORM evaluate.
  cl_demo_output=>write( |{ wa } | ).
ENDFORM.

Good Example

Explicit cursor processing.

DATA wa TYPE spfli-carrid.

EXEC SQL.
  OPEN CUR FOR
  SELECT carrid FROM spfli WHERE mandt = :sy-mandt
ENDEXEC.

DO.
  EXEC SQL.
    FETCH NEXT CUR INTO :wa
  ENDEXEC.
  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    EXIT.
  ENDIF.
  cl_demo_output=>write( |{ wa } | ).
ENDDO.
cl_demo_output=>display( ).